In recent tough times, the Army and Air Force expect to reach their recruitment targets this year by introducing new programs and policies, reversing earlier shortages. However, the Navy, though making progress, still anticipates falling short.
The mixed outcomes highlight the ongoing difficulties faced by the US military in recruiting amidst a competitive job market where many civilian companies offer attractive pay and benefits without the commitment to military service and combat. Even branches meeting their goals find it challenging to recruit from the shrinking pool of young individuals who meet the military's rigorous physical, mental, and moral criteria.
With six months remaining in the recruiting year, Army Secretary Christine Wormuth expressed optimism about reaching the 55,000 enlistment target and securing an extra 5,000 recruits for the delayed entry pool who would join next year or after that.
The US Army's Challenges and Efforts
The Navy, Army, and Air Force all fell short of their recruitment objectives in the last fiscal year, concluding on September 30. However, the Marine Corps and the smaller Space Force consistently achieved their targets, though the Marines faced some difficulties. The year before, the Army missed its enlistment goal of 60,000 by 15,000 recruits, prompting the other services to rely on delayed entry candidates to fulfill their recruitment quotas. Now, with six months of recruiting behind them, which includes historically challenging winter months, the Air Force and Army express optimism about achieving their recruitment targets.
Wormuth highlighted a significant achievement, citing the Army's future soldier prep course. Since its inception in August 2022, approximately 17,000 soldiers have graduated from the program, with about 5,300 completing it in the current fiscal year. This course, now located at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and Fort Moore, Georgia, provides lower-performing recruits up to 90 days of academic or fitness training to ensure they meet military standards before entering basic training.
Wormuth noted that not only were the graduation rates very high, but also the number of graduates from the program selected for leadership roles during basic training or performed exceptionally well was notable. 34% of the leadership posts in basic training were filled by soldiers who attended the prep course.
The US Air Force's Challenges and Efforts
The Air Force, buoyed by a series of policy changes, including relaxed tattoo regulations, increased bonuses, and expanded recruitment efforts targeting lawful permanent residents, is optimistic about its recruiting prospects. Despite falling short of its active-duty recruitment target by approximately 3,000 airmen last year, the service has surpassed its goals thus far this year. Encouraged by this progress, the Air Force has raised its active-duty enlistment target for the year to 27,100, an increase of about 1,200.
Brig. Gen. Christopher Amrhein, who leads Air Force recruiting, expressed cautious optimism about reaching their goal, emphasizing the importance of maintaining momentum and the need for ongoing policy adjustments and other strategic measures to sustain recruiting success.
The US Navy's Challenges and Efforts
Navy leaders acknowledge that although they perform better than last year, they anticipate falling short of their recruiting goal of approximately 40,600 by roughly 6,700 recruits.
Vice Adm. Rick Cheeseman, head of Navy personnel, acknowledged the ongoing challenges posed by the current economic climate and the tough labor market. He emphasized the Navy's commitment to exploring and evaluating new methods for attracting qualified, motivated, and capable applicants.
The Navy has initiated its own recruit prep course. It has recently expanded its recruitment criteria to include individuals who did not graduate from high school or obtain a GED, provided they score 50 or above (out of 99) on the Armed Services Qualification Test. This marks the second instance in approximately a year when the Navy broadened its eligibility to include lower-performing recruits. In December 2022, the Navy began recruiting more sailors who scored very low on the test.
Adm. Lisa Franchetti, chief of naval operations, emphasized last week that the recruiting challenges directly affect the Navy's maritime mission. During her testimony to Congress, she stated that the Navy currently faces a shortfall of approximately 18,000 sailors needed for operations at sea and about 4,000 sailors for shore-based jobs.
The majority of the vacancies are expected to be filled by incoming recruits. However, the shortfall comes at a critical time when Navy ships in the Middle East are facing sustained pressure to counter attacks by the Iran-backed Houthis in Yemen.
The US Marine Corps Challenges and Efforts
Meanwhile, the Marine Corps has not failed to meet its enlistment goal, although it did have to rely on its pool of delayed entry recruits to meet the target two years ago. Gen. Eric Smith, the commandant of the Marine Corps, conveyed to Congress earlier this month that the Corps maintains its standards while consistently meeting its mission objectives. Currently, the Corps is on course to achieve its goal of 31,100 recruits for the year, including active duty and reserves.
Other Military Branches' Recruitment Efforts
The other military branches have started to emulate a longstanding Marine program by utilizing high-performing service members and promising commanders as recruiters. Army leaders have initiated a significant reorganization of their recruiting force, establishing a professional job classification and conducting reviews to identify and reassign recruiters who are not performing well. The Army is also exploring other incentives to enhance recruitment efforts.
For instance, Gen. Randy George, chief of staff of the Army, reports that approximately 25% of new recruits are now given the option to choose their first duty station, a recent addition to the recruitment process. According to Wormuth, the crucial aspect is determining which incentives effectively attract recruits. The Army is currently balancing short-term enlistment goals and long-term adjustments to its recruitment strategies.
