President Barack Obama proposed new tax credits and job-training programs for U.S. workers Tuesday in a 2015 budget that drew instant condemnation from Republicans, who dismissed the document as an election-year campaign pitch.
The $3.9 trillion blueprint for the fiscal year that begins October 1 would boost spending on roads and bridges and expand early-childhood education while paying for some of the additional spending by scaling back tax breaks for wealthier Americans. The proposal has almost no chance of passage in Congress, where Republicans control the House of Representatives, but it lays out Obama's policy priorities ahead of November congressional elections. Democrats will be fighting to keep control of the U.S. Senate and avoid losing ground in the House.
"Our budget is about choices, it's about our values," Obama told reporters during an elementary school visit. "At a time when our deficits are falling at the fastest rate in 60 years, we've got to decide if we're going to keep squeezing the middle class or if we're going to continue to reduce the deficits responsibly while taking steps to grow and strengthen the middle class."
While working within the overall cap of $1.014 trillion for discretionary spending Congress set for 2015, the president proposed $56 billion additional spending for education, welfare, and defense programs, paid for in part by ending a tax break for wealthy retirees. Republicans objected to the plan's spending increases, saying it did not address larger fiscal challenges related to the Social Security retirement program or Medicare and Medicaid healthcare for the elderly, poor, and disabled. "After years of fiscal and economic mismanagement, the president has offered perhaps his most irresponsible budget yet," Republican House Speaker John Boehner said in a statement. "Spending too much, borrowing too much, and taxing too much -- it would hurt our economy and cost jobs."
Democrats hope to draw a contrast with the Republicans' focus on fiscal restraint and portray themselves as better able to deliver jobs and growth. Obama's proposal signaled a shift from last year's emphasis on deficit cutting to a greater focus on fighting poverty, a goal the president is highlighting as he eyes his legacy with fewer than three years left in office. Republicans, cognizant of Americans' slow recovery from the 2007-2009 recession, are also focused on poverty-reduction but they favor a dramatically smaller government role.
House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan, a potential Republican presidential contender 2016, argued in a report Monday the government barely made a dent in combating poverty the past 50 years despite massive spending. He blasted Obama's Tuesday proposal. "This budget isn't a serious document; it's a campaign brochure," said Ryan, who will unveil a Republican budget to counter Obama's in coming weeks.
POVERTY, TAXES, AND DEFICITS
Obama's budget proposes expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit, an anti-poverty measure that is meant to encourage low-income Americans to continue working. The change would expand the program to cover some 13.5 million people who do not have children and make it available to younger workers who are not currently eligible.
The expansion, which would cost $60 billion, would be funded by closing loopholes such as the tax break for "carried interest" and profits earned by wealthy investors who run private equity. Obama has long sought to end that tax break, which allows financiers to treat their income as capital gains, making it subject to a tax rate of 20 percent instead of the nearly 40 percent rate on ordinary income paid by the highest earners.
Representative Dave Camp, the Republican chairman of the powerful House Ways and Means Committee, also proposed last month to "clean up" the carried interest deduction, but tax reform is not expected to get traction in Congress this year.
The White House signaled last month that its new budget would not extend the olive branch to Republicans on reform of entitlement programs such as Social Security. Last year Obama proposed changing how the government calculates inflation for Social Security and other federal benefits that could have led to income drops for older Americans. White House officials said Obama abandoned the idea after Republicans declined to offer concessions of their own.
While Obama played down the deficit issue, congressional budget analysts have warned that longer-term budget picture looks bleak because of the aging of the population, which will lead to increased costs for entitlements programs such as Social Security and Medicare.
The White House projected in fiscal year 2015 the budget deficit would total $564 billion, or 3.1 percent of the nation's gross domestic product. That would be down from a $649 billion deficit, or 3.7 percent of GDP, in fiscal year 2014. The Obama budget projects that annual deficits will remain in the $400 billion to $500 billion range throughout the decade, reaching a modest 1.6 percent of GDP in 2024. The outlook from the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office looks far worse, forecasting deficits will climb back to $1.1 trillion by 2024, or 4 percent of GDP.
The Pentagon unveiled a $496 billion base budget that shifts the United States from its war-footing for the first time in a dozen years, cutting the size of the military to pay for training and new weapons systems in an era of tighter spending. This budget set the Obama administration on a collision course with Congress by seeking to eliminate popular older weapons and reform military compensation while proposing an additional $26.4 billion in military spending to be paid for by closing tax loopholes and cutting mandatory spending.
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